Down Syndrome

What is Down Syndrome?


Down Syndrome is the most frequently diagnosed chromosomal condition in the United States. It is a genetic condition in which an extra chromosome is present, also known as Trisomy 21. Down Syndrome causes lifelong intellectual disabilities and developmental delays, but children with Down Syndrome can have positive outcomes with the proper therapies and care. Individuals with Down Syndrome can present with low muscle tone which results in weakened muscles, as well as other developmental challenges. We at Hogg Therapy are here to help! Early intervention is integral in helping your child achieve their highest potential.

  • Risk Factors

    • Advanced maternal age increases the risk of having a child with Down Syndrome. Most women over the age of 35 have entirely healthy babies, but the risk of Trisomy 21 is heightened.
    • You can also be a carrier of the genetic translocation for Down Syndrome. Both men and women can be carriers and pass the gene on.


    At this time, no concrete environmental or lifestyle factors have been identified as increasing the risk of a diagnosis.

  • Characteristics of Down Syndrome

    Specific physical and cognitive identifiers are commonplace among children with Down Syndrome. Many diagnosed children experience low muscle tone, protruding tongue, smaller hands and feet, and a shorter neck. Down Syndrome also causes mild-to-moderate cognitive differences. Every child is different and has individual needs and abilities, but a short attention span, poor judgment and impulse control, and delayed language development are often seen in individuals with Down Syndrome.

  • Down Syndrome Treatment

    There is no one-size-fits-all treatment plan for Down Syndrome, but early intervention is key to helping your child have the best possible outcomes. Your child will benefit the most from a team of professionals offering a variety of therapies and supports.




    Physical therapy is often helpful to combat the effects of decreased muscle tone. Physical abilities, such as rolling over and sitting up, lay the foundation for many skills necessary to explore the world. While your child may arrive at certain physical milestones later than some of their peers, rest assured they will be met in time with the proper support in place.




    Speech and language therapy is another widely used treatment for Down Syndrome. This therapy helps children improve their communication skills and use language more effectively. Many children with Down Syndrome can understand language before they are able to speak clearly. A speech therapist can help your child to use alternate means of communication, such as sign language and pictures. This will not only increase your child’s independence but will also decrease frustration due to not feeling heard or understood.




    Everyday tasks can often be more difficult for children with Down Syndrome. An occupational therapist can provide modifications to make activities such as eating, getting dressed, and using the toilet more manageable. As your child grows older, occupational therapy can provide support to help them succeed in school by offering tools such as modified pencil grips and ergonomic keyboards.

  • Coping with a Diagnosis

    Parenting is one of the most challenging jobs regardless of your child’s abilities. You may worry about not providing the kind of care and support a child with Down Syndrome needs. We want you to know that it’s okay to have a range of emotions about your child’s diagnosis. The best way to cope with fear and anxiety is through information, education, and support. In addition to the services provided at Hogg Therapy, we encourage you to socialize with other parents of children with Down Syndrome and seek out ways to support your child’s independence.